Dialogue 1
French
Marie : Tu as vu ce film hier soir ?
Paul : Oui, je l’ai regardé avec mes parents.
Marie : Il était comment ?
Paul : C'était super !
English
Marie: Did you see that movie last night?
Paul: Yes, I watched it with my parents.
Marie: How was it?
Paul: It was great!
Words
French | IPA | English Meaning |
vu | /vy/ | seen |
film | /film/ | movie |
hier | /jɛʁ/ | yesterday |
soir | /swaʁ/ | evening / night |
regardé | /ʁə.ɡaʁ.de/ | watched |
parents | /pa.ʁɑ̃/ | parents |
comment | /kɔ.mɑ̃/ | how |
super | /sy.pɛʁ/ | great / awesome |
Dialogue 2
French
Luc : Tu as fini tes devoirs ?
Emma : Oui, je les ai terminés ce matin.
Luc : Bravo ! Tu as été rapide.
Emma : Merci !
English
Luc: Did you finish your homework?
Emma: Yes, I finished them this morning.
Luc: Well done! You were fast.
Emma: Thanks!
Words
French | IPA | English Meaning |
fini | /fi.ni/ | finished |
devoirs | /də.vwaʁ/ | homework |
terminés | /tɛʁ.mi.ne/ | finished (plural) |
matin | /ma.tɛ̃/ | morning |
bravo | /bʁa.vo/ | well done |
été | /e.te/ | been |
rapide | /ʁa.pid/ | fast |
Dialogue 3
French
Sophie : Où est-ce que tu es allé samedi ?
Léo : Je suis allé au musée avec mon frère.
Sophie : Tu as aimé ?
Léo : Oui, c'était intéressant.
English
Sophie: Where did you go on Saturday?
Léo: I went to the museum with my brother.
Sophie: Did you like it?
Léo: Yes, it was interesting.
Words
French | IPA | English Meaning |
allé | /a.le/ | went |
samedi | /sa.mə.di/ | Saturday |
musée | /my.ze/ | museum |
frère | /fʁɛʁ/ | brother |
aimé | /e.me/ | liked |
intéressant | /ɛ̃.te.ʁɛ.sɑ̃/ | interesting |
Dialogue 4
French
Julie : Tu as pris ton petit déjeuner ?
Tom : Non, j’ai oublié.
Julie : Encore ? Tu oublies toujours !
Tom : Je sais, désolé.
English
Julie: Did you have your breakfast?
Tom: No, I forgot.
Julie: Again? You always forget!
Tom: I know, sorry.
Words
French | IPA | English Meaning |
pris | /pʁi/ | taken (ate) |
petit déjeuner | /pə.ti de.ʒœ.ne/ | breakfast |
oublié | /u.bli.je/ | forgotten |
encore | /ɑ̃.kɔʁ/ | again |
toujours | /tu.ʒuʁ/ | always |
désolé | /de.zo.le/ | sorry |
Dialogue 5
French
Nina : Tu as acheté quelque chose au marché ?
Yann : Oui, j’ai acheté des fruits et du pain.
Nina : C’est bon, ça !
Yann : Oui, très frais !
English
Nina: Did you buy anything at the market?
Yann: Yes, I bought some fruits and bread.
Nina: That's nice!
Yann: Yes, very fresh!
Words
French | IPA | English Meaning |
acheté | /a.ʃə.te/ | bought |
quelque | /kɛl.kə/ | some |
chose | /ʃoz/ | thing |
marché | /maʁ.ʃe/ | market |
fruits | /fʁɥi/ | fruits |
pain | /pɛ̃/ | bread |
frais | /fʁɛ/ | fresh |
Examples using Être
Phrase: Je suis arrivé.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, aʁive
Mots: I arrived
Phrase: Je suis allé.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale
Mots: I went
Phrase: Je suis monté.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, mɔ̃te
Mots: I went up
Phrase: Je suis resté.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁɛste
Mots: I stayed
Phrase: Je suis tombé.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, tɔ̃be
Mots: I fell
Phrase: Je suis descendu.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, desɑ̃dy
Mots: I went down
Phrase: Je suis parti.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, paʁti
Mots: I left
Phrase: Je suis arrivé à l'heure.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, aʁive a lœʁ
Mots: I arrived on time
Phrase: Je suis retourné à la maison.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁətuʁne a la mɛzɔ̃
Mots: I returned home
Phrase: Je suis monté dans la voiture.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, mɔ̃te dɑ̃ la vwatyr
Mots: I got into the car
Phrase: Je suis tombé dans la rue.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, tɔ̃be dɑ̃ la ʁy
Mots: I fell in the street
Phrase: Je suis allé à l'école.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale a lekɔl
Mots: I went to school
Phrase: Je suis resté à la maison.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁɛste a la mɛzɔ̃
Mots: I stayed at home
Phrase: Je suis rentré tard.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁɑ̃tʁe taʁ
Mots: I came back late
Phrase: Je suis passé par ici.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, pase paʁ isi
Mots: I passed by here
Phrase: Je suis allé au parc.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale o paʁk
Mots: I went to the park
Phrase: Je suis descendu au sous-sol.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, desɑ̃dy o su sɔl
Mots: I went down to the basement
Phrase: Je suis resté à l'hôtel.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁɛste a lotɛl
Mots: I stayed at the hotel
Phrase: Je suis allé en vacances.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale ɑ̃ vakɑ̃s
Mots: I went on vacation
Phrase: Je suis arrivé en retard.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, aʁive ɑ̃ ʁətaʁ
Mots: I arrived late
Phrase: Je suis parti en voyage.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, paʁti ɑ̃ vwajaʒ
Mots: I went on a trip
Phrase: Je suis allé à la plage.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale a la plaʒ
Mots: I went to the beach
Phrase: Je suis tombé malade.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, tɔ̃be malad
Mots: I got sick
Phrase: Je suis monté à l'étage.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, mɔ̃te a letɑʒ
Mots: I went upstairs
Phrase: Je suis descendu au rez-de-chaussée.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, desɑ̃dy o ʁɛ də ʃose
Mots: I went down to the ground floor
Phrase: Je suis entré.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ɑ̃tʁe
Mots: I entered
Phrase: Je suis sorti.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, sɔʁti
Mots: I went out
Phrase: Je suis devenu.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, dəvny
Mots: I became
Phrase: Je suis venu.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, vny
Mots: I came
Phrase: Je suis tombé amoureux.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, tɔ̃be amuʁø
Mots: I fell in love
Phrase: Je suis parti en vacances.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, paʁti ɑ̃ vakɑ̃s
Mots: I left for vacation
Phrase: Je suis revenu.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁəvny
Mots: I came back
Phrase: Je suis passé par ici.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, pase paʁ isi
Mots: I passed by here
Phrase: Je suis tombé sur un problème.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, tɔ̃be syʁ ɛ̃ pʁɔblɛm
Mots: I came across a problem
Phrase: Je suis resté à la maison toute la journée.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁɛste a la mɛzɔ̃ tut la ʒuʁne
Mots: I stayed home all day
Phrase: Je suis allé au cinéma.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale o sinema
Mots: I went to the cinema
Phrase: Je suis monté en voiture.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, mɔ̃te ɑ̃ vwatyr
Mots: I got into the car
Phrase: Je suis descendu à la gare.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, desɑ̃dy a la ɡɑʁ
Mots: I went down to the station
Phrase: Je suis allé à la plage.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale a la plaʒ
Mots: I went to the beach
Phrase: Je suis tombé malade.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, tɔ̃be malad
Mots: I became sick
Phrase: Je suis allé chercher mes amis.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale ʃɛʁʃe me ami
Mots: I went to get my friends
Phrase: Je suis resté dehors toute la nuit.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ʁɛste dəɔʁ tut la nɥi
Mots: I stayed outside all night
Phrase: Je suis arrivé en avance.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, aʁive ɑ̃ avɑ̃s
Mots: I arrived early
Phrase: Je suis allé à l'école tôt.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale a lekɔl to
Mots: I went to school early
Phrase: Je suis parti en voyage à l'étranger.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, paʁti ɑ̃ vwajaʒ a letrɑ̃ʒe
Mots: I went abroad
Phrase: Je suis venu pour t'aider.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, vny puʁ tɛde
Mots: I came to help you
Phrase: Je suis allé me coucher tôt.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale mə kuʃe to
Mots: I went to bed early
Phrase: Je suis arrivé à la fête.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, aʁive a la fɛt
Mots: I arrived at the party
Phrase: Je suis allé courir dans le parc.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale kuʁiʁ dɑ̃ lə paʁk
Mots: I went running in the park
Phrase: Je suis monté à la montagne.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, mɔ̃te a la mɔ̃taɲ
Mots: I went up the mountain
Phrase: Je suis descendu à la rue principale.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, desɑ̃dy a la ʁy pʁɛ̃sipal
Mots: I went down to the main street
Phrase: Je suis allé au marché.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, ale o maʁʃe
Mots: I went to the market
Phrase: Je suis tombé sur une idée géniale.
IPA: ʒə, sɥi, tɔ̃be syʁ yn ide ʒenjal
Mots: I came up with a great idea
Example using Avoir
Phrase: J'ai mangé.
IPA: ʒe, mɑ̃ʒe
Mots: I ate
Phrase: J'ai vu.
IPA: ʒe, vy
Mots: I saw
Phrase: J'ai pris.
IPA: ʒe, pʁi
Mots: I took
Phrase: J'ai parlé.
IPA: ʒe, paʁle
Mots: I spoke
Phrase: J'ai fini.
IPA: ʒe, fɪni
Mots: I finished
Phrase: J'ai entendu.
IPA: ʒe, ɑ̃tɑ̃dy
Mots: I heard
Phrase: J'ai écrit.
IPA: ʒe, ekʁi
Mots: I wrote
Phrase: J'ai acheté.
IPA: ʒe, aʃte
Mots: I bought
Phrase: J'ai lu.
IPA: ʒe, ly
Mots: I read (past tense)
Phrase: J'ai écrit une lettre.
IPA: ʒe, ekʁi yn lɛtʁ
Mots: I wrote a letter
Phrase: J'ai regardé un film.
IPA: ʒe, ʁəɡaʁde ɛ̃ fɪlm
Mots: I watched a movie
Phrase: J'ai travaillé.
IPA: ʒe, tʁavaje
Mots: I worked
Phrase: J'ai dormi.
IPA: ʒe, dɔʁmi
Mots: I slept
Phrase: J'ai compris.
IPA: ʒe, kɔ̃pʁi
Mots: I understood
Phrase: J'ai commencé.
IPA: ʒe, kɔmɑ̃se
Mots: I started
Phrase: J'ai mis.
IPA: ʒe, mi
Mots: I put
Phrase: J'ai quitté.
IPA: ʒe, kite
Mots: I left
Phrase: J'ai trouvé.
IPA: ʒe, tʁuve
Mots: I found
Phrase: J'ai préparé.
IPA: ʒe, pʁepaʁe
Mots: I prepared
Phrase: J'ai rencontré.
IPA: ʒe, ʁɑ̃kɔ̃tʁe
Mots: I met
Phrase: J'ai attendu.
IPA: ʒe, atɑ̃dy
Mots: I waited
Phrase: J'ai changé.
IPA: ʒe, ʃɑ̃ʒe
Mots: I changed
Phrase: J'ai répondu.
IPA: ʒe, ʁepɔ̃dy
Mots: I answered
Phrase: J'ai dansé.
IPA: ʒe, dɑ̃se
Mots: I danced
Phrase: J'ai répondu au téléphone.
IPA: ʒe, ʁepɔ̃dy o telefɔn
Mots: I answered the phone
Phrase: J'ai choisi.
IPA: ʒe, ʃwazi
Mots: I chose
Phrase: J'ai montré.
IPA: ʒe, mɔ̃tʁe
Mots: I showed
Phrase: J'ai entendu parler.
IPA: ʒe, ɑ̃tɑ̃dy paʁle
Mots: I heard (someone) speak
Phrase: J'ai écrit un email.
IPA: ʒe, ekʁi ɛ̃ imel
Mots: I wrote an email
Phrase: J'ai gagné.
IPA: ʒe, ɡaɲe
Mots: I won
Phrase: J'ai vendu.
IPA: ʒe, vɑ̃dy
Mots: I sold
Phrase: J'ai gagné.
IPA: ʒe, ɡaɲe
Mots: I won
Phrase: J'ai vendu.
IPA: ʒe, vɑ̃dy
Mots: I sold
Phrase: J'ai compris.
IPA: ʒe, kɔ̃pʁi
Mots: I understood
Phrase: J'ai répondu.
IPA: ʒe, ʁepɔ̃dy
Mots: I answered
Phrase: J'ai choisi.
IPA: ʒe, ʃwazi
Mots: I chose
Phrase: J'ai trouvé.
IPA: ʒe, tʁuve
Mots: I found
Phrase: J'ai acheté.
IPA: ʒe, aʃte
Mots: I bought
Phrase: J'ai pensé.
IPA: ʒe, pɑ̃se
Mots: I thought
Phrase: J'ai vu.
IPA: ʒe, vy
Mots: I saw
Phrase: J'ai attendu.
IPA: ʒe, atɑ̃dy
Mots: I waited
Phrase: J'ai écrit.
IPA: ʒe, ekʁi
Mots: I wrote
Phrase: J'ai parlé.
IPA: ʒe, paʁle
Mots: I spoke
Phrase: J'ai terminé.
IPA: ʒe, tɛʁmine
Mots: I finished
Phrase: J'ai reçu.
IPA: ʒe, ʁəsu
Mots: I received
Phrase: J'ai pris.
IPA: ʒe, pʁi
Mots: I took
Phrase: J'ai donné.
IPA: ʒe, dɔne
Mots: I gave
Phrase: J'ai changé.
IPA: ʒe, ʃɑ̃ʒe
Mots: I changed
Phrase: J'ai voulu.
IPA: ʒe, vulu
Mots: I wanted
Phrase: J'ai chanté.
IPA: ʒe, ʃɑ̃te
Mots: I sang
Phrase: J'ai attendu mon ami.
IPA: ʒe, atɑ̃dy mɔ̃n ami
Mots: I waited for my friend
Phrase: J'ai joué au tennis.
IPA: ʒe, ʒwe o tɛnis
Mots: I played tennis
Phrase: J'ai commencé à travailler.
IPA: ʒe, kɔmɑ̃se a tʁavaje
Mots: I started to work
Phrase: J'ai écouté de la musique.
IPA: ʒe, ekute də la myzik
Mots: I listened to music
Phrase: J'ai décidé.
IPA: ʒe, deside
Mots: I decided
Phrase: J'ai observé.
IPA: ʒe, ɔbseʁve
Mots: I observed
Phrase: J'ai nagé.
IPA: ʒe, naʒe
Mots: I swam
Phrase: J'ai étudié.
IPA: ʒe, etydje
Mots: I studied
Phrase: J'ai respecté.
IPA: ʒe, ʁɛspɛkte
Mots: I respected
Phrase: J'ai retrouvé.
IPA: ʒe, ʁətruve
Mots: I found again
Conjugation of French Verbs: Avoir and Être
1. Conjugation of Avoir (to have)
Je (I): ai [ɛ] – I have
Tu (You - informal): as [ɑ] – You have
Il/Elle/On (He/She/One): a [ɑ] – He/She/One has
Nous (We): avons [avɔ̃] – We have
Vous (You - formal/plural): avez [avɛ] – You have
Ils/Elles (They): ont [ɔ̃] – They have
2. Conjugation of Être (to be)
Je (I): suis [sɥi] – I am
Tu (You - informal): es [ɛ] – You are
Il/Elle/On (He/She/One): est [ɛ] – He/She/One is
Nous (We): sommes [sɔm] – We are
Vous (You - formal/plural): êtes [ɛt] – You are
Ils/Elles (They): sont [sɔ̃] – They are
Understanding Passé Composé in French
To understand Passé Composé in French, it's important to know the structure and when to use avoir or être as auxiliary verbs. Here’s a breakdown:
Structure of Passé Composé
The Passé Composé is formed by combining:
- An auxiliary verb (either avoir or être) in the present tense.
- The past participle of the main verb.
Formula:
Subject + Auxiliary Verb (être/avoir in present) + Past Participle of Main Verb
When to Use Avoir or Être
Avoir (to have) is the most common auxiliary verb. It is used with most verbs in the Passé Composé, especially transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object).
Example: "J'ai mangé" (I ate) — manger (to eat) is used with avoir.
Structure:
Subject + avoir (in the present tense) + past participle.
Être (to be) is used for:
- Motion verbs (verbs that imply movement or change of place).
- For example: aller (to go), venir (to come), arriver (to arrive), partir (to leave), monter (to go up), descendre (to go down).
- Reflexive verbs (verbs where the action reflects on the subject, like "to wash oneself" or "to wake up").
- For example: se lever (to get up), se coucher (to go to bed), se laver (to wash oneself).
Example: "Je suis allé" (I went) — aller (to go) is used with être.
Structure:
Subject + être (in the present tense) + past participle.
Conjugation of Auxiliary Verbs
Avoir in the present tense:
- Je ai
- Tu as
- Il/Elle/On a
- Nous avons
- Vous avez
- Ils/Elles ont
Être in the present tense:
- Je suis
- Tu es
- Il/Elle/On est
- Nous sommes
- Vous êtes
- Ils/Elles sont
Agreement in Past Participle
When you use être as the auxiliary verb, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject.
Example: "Elle est allée" (She went) – "allée" is feminine.
Example: "Ils sont partis" (They left) – "partis" is masculine plural.
When you use avoir, there is no agreement in gender or number unless the direct object of the verb is placed before the verb.
Example: "J'ai mangé une pomme" (I ate an apple) – "mangé" is not changed.
If the object is before the verb: "La pomme que j'ai mangée" (The apple that I ate) – "mangée" agrees with "pomme" (feminine singular).
Common Uses
- Avoir is used for most action verbs (e.g., "manger" (to eat), "voir" (to see), "faire" (to do)).
- Être is used for motion verbs and reflexive verbs.
- With être, the past participle must agree with the subject in terms of gender and number.
Summary:
- Avoir is used with most verbs.
- Être is used with motion verbs or reflexive verbs.
- The past participle agrees with the subject when être is used.
- The past participle does not agree with the subject when avoir is used, unless there is a preceding direct object.
Irregular Verbs in Passé Composé
Phrase: J'ai eu.
Verb: Avoir (to have)
Meaning: I had
Phrase: J'ai été.
Verb: Être (to be)
Meaning: I was
Phrase: J'ai fait.
Verb: Faire (to do, to make)
Meaning: I did / I made
Phrase: J'ai vu.
Verb: Voir (to see)
Meaning: I saw
Phrase: J'ai pris.
Verb: Prendre (to take)
Meaning: I took
Phrase: J'ai écrit.
Verb: Écrire (to write)
Meaning: I wrote
Phrase: J'ai dit.
Verb: Dire (to say)
Meaning: I said
Phrase: J'ai bu.
Verb: Boire (to drink)
Meaning: I drank
Phrase: J'ai su.
Verb: Savoir (to know)
Meaning: I knew
Phrase: J'ai voulu.
Verb: Vouloir (to want)
Meaning: I wanted
Phrase: J'ai pu.
Verb: Pouvoir (to be able to)
Meaning: I was able
Phrase: J'ai connu.
Verb: Connaître (to know, to be familiar with)
Meaning: I knew (someone)
Phrase: J'ai venu.
Verb: Venir (to come)
Meaning: I came
Phrase: J'ai voulu.
Verb: Devoir (to have to, must)
Meaning: I had to
Phrase: J'ai couru.
Verb: Courir (to run)
Meaning: I ran
Phrase: J'ai dormi.
Verb: Dormir (to sleep)
Meaning: I slept
Phrase: J'ai reçu.
Verb: Recevoir (to receive)
Meaning: I received
Phrase: J'ai mis.
Verb: Mettre (to put)
Meaning: I put
Phrase: J'ai ouvert.
Verb: Ouvrir (to open)
Meaning: I opened
Phrase: J'ai reçu.
Verb: Recevoir (to receive)
Meaning: I received
Phrase: J'ai compris.
Verb: Comprendre (to understand)
Meaning: I understood
Phrase: J'ai traduit.
Verb: Traduire (to translate)
Meaning: I translated
Phrase: J'ai permis.
Verb: Permettre (to allow)
Meaning: I allowed
Phrase: J'ai surpris.
Verb: Surprendre (to surprise)
Meaning: I surprised
Phrase: J'ai cru.
Verb: Croire (to believe)
Meaning: I believed
Phrase: J'ai appris.
Verb: Apprendre (to learn)
Meaning: I learned
Phrase: J'ai vécu.
Verb: Vivre (to live)
Meaning: I lived
Phrase: J'ai battu.
Verb: Battre (to beat)
Meaning: I beat
Phrase: J'ai résolu.
Verb: Résoudre (to solve)
Meaning: I solved
Phrase: J'ai choisi.
Verb: Choisir (to choose)
Meaning: I chose
Past Participles of French Verbs
1. Regular -ER Verbs
Formation: For regular -ER verbs, the past participle is formed by replacing the -er ending with -é.
- Manger (to eat): mangé
- Parler (to speak): parlé
- Aimer (to love): aimé
- Chanter (to sing): chanté
- Danser (to dance): dansé
- Travailler (to work): travaillé
- Jouer (to play): joué
- Marcher (to walk): marché
- Étudier (to study): étudié
- Écouter (to listen): écouté
- Regarder (to look at): regardé
- Aider (to help): aidé
- Trouver (to find): trouvé
- Crier (to shout): crié
- Rêver (to dream): rêvé
- Visiter (to visit): visité
- Changer (to change): changé
- Manger (to eat): mangé
- Arrêter (to stop): arrêté
- Fermer (to close): fermé
2. Regular -RE Verbs
Formation: For regular -RE verbs, the past participle is formed by replacing the -re ending with -u.
- Vendre (to sell): vendu
- Attendre (to wait): attendu
- Perdre (to lose): perdu
- Répondre (to answer): répondu
- Entendre (to hear): entendu
- Rendre (to give back): rendu
- Vaincre (to conquer): vaincu
- Mordre (to bite): mordu
- Descendre (to go down): descendu
- Construire (to build): construit
- Fondre (to melt): fondu
- Réduire (to reduce): réduit
- Correspondre (to correspond): correspondu
- Rire (to laugh): ri
- Rompre (to break): rompu
- Perdre (to lose): perdu
- Conduire (to drive): conduit
- Tendre (to tend): tendu
- Disparaître (to disappear): disparu
3. Regular -IR Verbs
Formation: For regular -IR verbs, the past participle is formed by replacing the -ir ending with -i.
- Finir (to finish): fini
- Choisir (to choose): choisi
- Réussir (to succeed): réussi
- Grandir (to grow): grandi
- Obéir (to obey): obéi
- Grossir (to gain weight): grossi
- Maigrir (to lose weight): maigri
- Bâtir (to build): bâti
- Réfléchir (to reflect): réfléchi
- Vieillir (to grow old): vieilli
- Agir (to act): agi
- Périr (to perish): péri
- Punir (to punish): puni
- Saisir (to seize): saisi
- Endormir (to fall asleep): endormi
- Réunir (to reunite): réuni
- Ralentir (to slow down): ralenti
- Investir (to invest): investi
- Punir (to punish): puni
- Remplir (to fill): rempli
4. Irregular Verbs
Formation: Irregular verbs do not follow a simple pattern and their past participles must be memorized. Below are 30 examples of irregular verbs and their past participles:
- Avoir (to have): eu
- Être (to be): été
- Faire (to do, to make): fait
- Voir (to see): vu
- Prendre (to take): pris
- Écrire (to write): écrit
- Dire (to say): dit
- Boire (to drink): bu
- Savoir (to know): su
- Vouloir (to want): voulu
- Pouvoir (to be able to): pu
- Venir (to come): venu
- Connaître (to know): connu
- Devoir (to have to): dû
- Mettre (to put): mis
- Ouvrir (to open): ouvert
- Recevoir (to receive): reçu
- Être (to be): été
- Faire (to make): fait
- Croire (to believe): cru
- Attendre (to wait): attendu
- Souvenir (to remember): souvenu
- Descendre (to go down): descendu
- Tenir (to hold): tenu
- Lire (to read): lu
- Rire (to laugh): ri
- Comprendre (to understand): compris
- Apprendre (to learn): appris
- Découvrir (to discover): découvert
- Courir (to run): couru